• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Location system of the end of the boom, of the mouth of the refueling receptacle and the tanker. Location system comprising means for locating the position of the receiver, and on the other hand means for locating the end of the boom that allow the exact determination of their positions and inclinations with respect to a common coordinate system and therefore the possibility of approach by automatic means if the laws that control both, that is, boom and receiving ship are appropriately designed and based on this information provided by this invention for its final approach and contact. The means for locating the position of the receiver may consist of a series of leds, lasers or light emitters arranged on the receiver ship in combination with the cameras placed on the tanker, or on a tof camera, or on a laser illuminator with a doe lens. Another object of the invention is a locating device comprising light emitters, at least two cameras, a light sensor and an electronics, so that the first (emitters) placed on the tanker and the others on the receiver, also allow of the location, the approach of the receiver to the tanker. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2584231A1
    申请号:ES201531460
    申请日:2015-10-09
    公开日:2016-09-26
    发明作者:Alberto ADARVE LOZANO
    申请人:Defensya Ingenieria Internacional SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    It is an object of the present invention, as the title of the invention establishes, a system for locating the end of the boom, of the mouth of the refueling receptacle
    10 and the tanker itself, by boom meaning the pole or refueling hanger in flight formed by a rigid telescopic tube with mobile flight control surfaces that an operator of the tanker or tanker extends and inserts into a receptacle of the receiving aircraft.
    15 In a refueling operation three important moments can be distinguished: The initial approach of the receiver to the tanker, the placement of the receiver in an optimal position for refueling and the contact of the boom nozzle or nozzle with the receiver receptacle to begin supply fuel The System or set of elements described here allow these operations to be carried out.
    20 approach, positioning and contact prior to refueling that are currently manual, in a semi-automatic and even automatic way with great safety, precision and robustness and even help in the moment of supplying fuel to the receiver to maintain its position more easily. Thanks to these devices, the System part in the receiver can obtain the position of the
    25 tanker for its approach and the part of the System inside the tanker will be able to determine exactly the location and inclination of the receptacle in which the Boom must be introduced as well as the position and inclination of the latter's end, whereby the operation is reduce to develop appropriate control laws that allow such contact.
    Therefore, the present invention characterizes the fact that it makes it possible to reach the refueling operation of a receiving ship from a mothership in a semi-automatic and even automatic way.


    Thanks to the joint collaboration of the means available to the System, the “boomer” of the tanker or refueling operator can accurately determine the location and inclination of the receptacle in which the Boom must be introduced as well as the position and inclination from the end of the latter for the purpose of aid to the operation. Also an automated system that is based on the information obtained by this invention is completely viable.
    The invention consists of means for locating the position of the tanker from the receiver, means for locating the location of the receiver from the tanker, that is, where exactly in the space the receiver is placed, and on the other hand location means of the end of the boom that allow the exact determination of their positions and relative inclinations. All with respect to a common coordinate system and therefore the possibility of approach by automatic means if the laws that control both, that is, Boom and receiving ship are properly designed and based on this information provided by this invention for its final approach and Contact.
    The System presented here has several clearly differentiable versions depending on the way to obtain the position of the receiver receptacle, each with different advantages depending on the chosen implementation. Both obtain the position of the end of the boom, in particular of the nozzle or nozzle, from the location of certain points of light placed on the end of the boom, in the images obtained from a set of two cameras strategically placed in the tank. They obtain the position of the mouth of the receptacle of the receiving plane from means of locating the position of the receiver, using either a series of LEDs, lasers, or light emitters arranged on the receiving ship in combination with the cameras placed on the tanker aircraft, or a TOF (Time-of-flight) camera or a laser emitter with a DOE pattern also in conjunction with the cameras placed below (on the fuselage or outside surface of the tanker but below it, such as the lower zone from the tail cone or belly-fairing in the belly of the plane) the tanker.
    Also as indicated, the object of the present invention is a System for approaching and locating the tanker from the receiver, based on the previous system which, conveniently complemented, also allows to perform


    semi-automatic or automatic the approach process of the receiver to the tanker, which results in an automation of the entire refueling process in full flight.
    Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of refueling systems in flight, and particularly among those related to boom positioning systems in the aircraft receptacle to be refueling.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Refueling in flight is currently done in two different ways. With hose and baskets or with boom. In the case that it is carried out with Boom, the end or nozzle (fuel nozzle) of a Boom must fit into a receptacle that is on the surface of the ship that will receive the fuel. All this operation is currently performed manually and depends on the expertise of the operator or "boomer".
    Patent US6966525B1 is known in the state of the art, which describes a Flight Refueling System, the Alignment System, and the method are provided to substantially automate the positioning and engagement of a Flight Refueling System made by a first aircraft with respect to a refueling receptacle supported by a second aircraft in order to facilitate the refueling operation between the first and the second aircraft. More specifically, this patent provides means for aligning the refueling pole in flight with the refueling receptacle such that an extendable nozzle can extend from the extendable refueling arm in flight and engage the refill receptacle to initiate a refill. refueling operation in flight.
    Another state-of-the-art patent related to the invention is US6752357, which describes an Aircraft Distance Measurement System that analyzes the images of at least one camera using the known length of extensible refueling arm, the location of the nozzle for Identify a distance between the pen nozzle and a refueling receptacle of the receiving aircraft. In other words, what is sought is to know the distance between the nozzle of the pen and the reception receptacle for refueling the aircraft.


    In some other Systems, means for locating the position of the receiver are disclosed, but neither means of locating the BOOM tip are used and the use of both location means is not disclosed jointly.
    5 of the receptacle and the tip of the boom.
    All previous systems are limited in their execution by the operator or boomer's expertise, since in the end they are manual operations.
    10 Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop a System that allows a semi-automatic or automatic refueling that does not depend on the skill of the operator to perform the correct positioning of the end of the boom in the receptacle that is on the surface of the ship , developing a System as described below and is reflected in its essentiality in the claim
    15 first allowing a refueling semi-automatically and even automatically.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The main part of the invention of the Location System comprises Means
    20 Location of the Receiver Position, to determine where and how exactly in the space the receiver is placed, and on the other hand a Location Means of the end of the Boom that allow the exact determination of their positions and inclinations with respect to a system of common coordinates and therefore the possibility of approach by automatic means if the laws that control
    Both, that is, Boom and receiving ship are appropriately designed and based on this information provided by this invention for their final approach and contact.
    This basic system for locating the end of the boom and
    30 refueling receptacle in a refueling operation in full flight from a tanker provided with a boom (15) to a receiving ship comprises:
    - Means of Location of the Position of the Receiver in the receiving ship that comprise at least one Vision Subsystem arranged on the tank.


    ‐ A Means for Locating the Boom Point Position that
    they include light emitters, placed on the tip of the boom, in
    combination with the Vision Subsystem arranged on the tank.
    ‐A Processing Media in which, through the images obtained
    of the location means allow the exact determination of their
    positions and inclinations with respect to a common coordinate system.
    The Means for Locating the Position of the Receiver can be several: In a first embodiment, which we will call the Receptacle Device, it consists of a series of LEDs or lasers, or light emitters arranged on the receiving ship in combination with the cameras placed on the tanker plane. In a second embodiment they may consist of a TOF camera, which placed on the tanker plane allows to know the position of the receiver without the need to place any means on the receiving ship. Said TOF camera also called flight time consists of lighting elements and a matrix sensor that measures the time it takes for the light to return once emitted. That information will give us the distances from this new camera to the receiver and will be incorporated into the Vision Subsystem to replace the Receptacle Device. With the distances to the receiver that the flight time camera provides us, a set of points on the surface of the receiving aircraft will be obtained, which together with a well-recognized algorithm, well compared with the surface of the same previously digitized and stored receiver aircraft, it will provide the location of the receptacle mouth in an alternative way to that provided by the Receptacle Device and thus allowing to replace this device with the use of the indicated TOF camera. In a third embodiment the Receiver Position Location Means consist of a laser emitter or illuminator, placed in the tank, to which a DOE or diffraction lens generating a structured illumination that generates a known light pattern has been added on the surface of the receiver and that with a processing subsystem and any of the two cameras of the Vision Subsystem, it will be possible to obtain, by basic telemetry, the distances to them from any of those two cameras. From that matrix distance information, either by a recognition or by comparison between the matrix points and the same points in an image of a 3D model of the receiver itself, a position information equivalent to that obtained by means of the


    Receptacle device and thus supply the functionality that it provided, being able to replace it, eliminating its need.
    The Location Means of the tip of the Boom include light emitters,
    5 which may preferably be, but not limited to, LEDs, laser emitters or the ends of light-conducting optical fibers of any of the foregoing and terminated in lenses or diffuser elements, placed on the tip of the boom, in combination with the cameras arranged on the tanker (from the Vision Subsystem).
    10 The Processing Means comprise a control electronics that will govern on and off the light emitters of the Boom Device. They also have a video signal processing electronics to calculate the distance information to light emitters of other devices. It also contains enough computing power to analyze point clouds, recognize certain patterns in them and
    15 compare them with other point clouds.
    The Location System seeks to produce fundamental information that forms the basis of the invention. This information consists of:
    20 ‐ The spatial location of the end of the boom that is represented by the “nozzle” or nozzle that dispenses the fuel, as well as the inclination of the fuel, which will be materialized by a point (x, y, z) in the space together with a vector (Vx, Vy, Vz) parallel to the direction of the removable part of the boom where said nozzle is located.
    25 - The spatial location of the fuel inlet that is inside the receptacle, which, as mentioned, is located on the upper surface of the receiving ship, together with the inclination of the tube that flows into it. Both equally represented by a point of three
    30 coordinates and a three component vector parallel to the mentioned tube
    ‐ A third information in the case of the Approach and Location System is the location of the tanker with respect to the receiver, as well as the relative inclination between them. This would serve as a tool for
    35 approach in the initial phase of the contact.


    References regarding the location of the boom end and the fuel inlet are represented, as already mentioned, by a set of six coordinates each, refer to a coordinate axis in solidarity with the tanker aircraft and for ease, the origin of said axes will be placed in one of the two cameras that are used in this invention to obtain the indicated locations. The origin O, therefore, will be in the center of the sensor of said chamber and its z-axis will be perpendicular to the surface of the sensor, therefore the OX and OY axes are parallel to the plane of said sensor, the positive Y axis upwards and horizontal to the right the axis of increasing Xs.
    Said information is obtained based on the data obtained by the Vision Subsystem that is part of the invention, both in the complete and reduced versions and which consists mainly of two cameras and other electronic elements that will be detailed below. This subsystem of cameras captures the light emitted by two devices that, as already said, are placed respectively on the tip of the Boom and on the receptacle of the receiving ship. Additionally and as will be discussed, the information corresponding to each device will be stored in order to facilitate future and subsequent contact between the two. For future references to the elements that make up the reduced version of this invention, in this document, we will talk about “Receptacle Device”, “Boom Tip Device” and “Vision Subsystem”, when referring to the three Devices of Simplified locations that constitute this invention leaving only the possibility of contemplating the initial approach of the receiver to the tanker for the full version of the invention as already mentioned.
    The simplified invention, related to the location of the end of the boom and the mouth of the receptacle, is composed of three elements a Receptacle Device, a Boom Device and a Vision Subsystem that is formed by a set of at least two cameras, where the cameras and boom device are electrically connected to each other and placed in the tank, while communication with the receptacle device, which is located on the surface of the receiver, is based on a communication by emitted light and a sensor that He receives it. This communication is


    Duplex, that is, it works both ways: From the receiving ship the emission is through a light emitted by an active element and the reception is by the cameras of the tanker plane. While from the tanker the emission is also by an active light element placed in the boom and the reception is by means of an image sensor not necessarily matrix in the fuel receiving ship. This last communication occurs almost exclusively at the moment of contact between the two ships when the theoretical fuel transfer occurs and the situation and relative distance between them is optimal.
    These fundamental elements or parts are described in more detail below:
    Receptacle device that is disposed on the receiving ship, in a preferred implementation, consists of a semi-hollow steel band of high shock resistance that includes at least four transparent areas of also high strength material such as graphene, oxide aluminum or similar, within which are embedded at least three elements that provide light and a fourth element consisting of a sensor that receives and detects light from another device. Optionally this device can have two small cameras, embedded in it. This will allow you to “see” the light emitted by another device similar to the one now described that will be placed in the tanker and thus determine the relative situation of the same with respect to this receiver. The device will be attached to the receiving plane by gluing, screwing, riveting or similar procedure. This device is placed on the receptacle of the receiving ship. Its case consists of a shock resistant frame that can be made of steel, titanium, Teflon, kevlar or other high strength material and with a wide range of operating temperatures. The light emitters and the sensor mentioned above are embedded in this frame. These emitters must be capable of emitting light with sufficient intensity so that the tanker's cameras can "see" them in daylight and will emit with their light the position information that the cameras need to properly locate them. Each camera will “see” each transmitter in a position (x, y) of its range of positions that the pixel matrix of its image sensor will provide. That pair (x, y) corresponds to a line placed in space and referred to coordinate axes defined by the camera itself. The use of two cameras as well as the mode of arrangement of them allows us, through


    Using the geometry, determine the intersection point of both lines and therefore the situation of the light seen by both cameras with respect to a coordinate axis in solidarity with them. These lights will consist of a LED or LASER emitter that, when switched on, will send through a binary and redundant code, as detailed below, control information and other information such as a properly compressed and digitized voice signal. This information is sent simply by a set of consecutive pulses with a certain cadence pattern when what is sent is the location information of the receptacle or the digitized information itself when it is not control information.
    As an example, information when it is not a location can be sent in the following format: Header + L + Data + CRC16. Where the header is a 16-bit string to indicate the beginning of a message, L is the length in bits of the data with up to 8 bits for L which leads to a maximum of 255 bits of data. CRC is a 16-bit cyclic redundancy code. The data may include a synchronization clock between the subsystem and the device. If the information to be transmitted is voice, it will be digitized, compressed and sent with some simple error correction code and longer frames.
    The subsystem will be powered by a connection to the receiver's power supply that will also include a control thread that will act as a permit for the issuance of the code stored from inside said receiving aircraft.
    To ensure that the light emitters can be properly seen, even in conditions of high ambient light from the sun and to avoid confusion with other sources of light from the ground or from other airplanes, the procedure used in this invention is to use two At the same time, it gives very good practical results: Firstly, the emitted light is limited to a band of the spectrum in a very narrow wavelength range and high temporal coherence. With an equally narrow bandpass optical filter, placed in front of the camera lenses, the rest of the wavelengths are eliminated. This gives us a relative value of the light emitted against the much improved ambient light. At the same time, as a second aid, the emitted light makes it blink with a defined pattern. In this way, for a pixel received as a result of the reflection of


    the light emitted with that pattern at a point in our image, we obtain values that must follow that same pattern. Thus, if we use a frequency equal to that used in the camera (number of frames per second), we can take the values of the pixels in consecutive frames and make a correlation with the pattern of emitted light. Those pixels whose correlation value exceeds a certain threshold, will be telling us that they have been illuminated by our emitters. The union of both methods allows us to “see” clearly enough those light emitters of our image with our Vision Subsystem with the precision that the resolution of these cameras allows us and considering that the working distances are relatively low, you can reach a subcentimetric resolution and with all the guarantees without too much difficulty. The Receptacle Device also has a sensor whose input signal is filtered and optically amplified and also accompanied by a certain pattern for a "zero" and another pattern with a "one". The light signals coming from the other device or Boom Device will arrive without difficulty to this sensor when the contact between nozzle and receptacle has been made or is close to doing so and therefore they are very close between them. This procedure will allow 48Kbaud communications which means that a spoken conversation could easily be transmitted by this link and method. Finally, the device consists of an electronics whose function is to extract the voice or data signal where appropriate or to generate the pulses of its light emitters in the appropriate instants. In a more advanced version of this device two additional cameras will be included as well as a processing electronics similar to that of the Vision Subsystem.
    Boom device:This second device consists of a protection and support box that protectslight emitters on the tip of the boom.
    The Boom Device consists of a box that houses the electronics and light emitters necessary for the required functionality. This box must have a means of gripping the boom. It may be a ring or similar element that meets the above conditions. In a preferred implementation, the box has two half-rings that hold it to the anterior zone of the boom nozzle. Inside this box are the drivers of the LEDs used in this implementation, which provide them with the necessary power to turn them on and off according to the


    established guidelines. This electronics must also include the necessary protections for the rest of the electronics as well as a voltage adapter to convert the voltage supplied by the aircraft to that required by the drivers and other electronics to operate. On the outer surface of the box, in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the boom, the LEDs are arranged so that one of them is as close as possible to the center of the Vision Subsystem cameras and the other two of these LEDs are symmetrically placed with respect to this minimum distance to within the cameras. That is a minimum configuration and other additional LEDs can be placed to obtain additional redundancy at the cost of a more intense calculation. The lighting duration of the LEDs will be the same as the frame time of the cameras when said lighting occurs and will be synchronized with them both for switching on and off. The proposed box will be made of aluminum and its shape and size will be compatible with the geometry of the boom to avoid geometric interference that lead to friction or collisions with other parts of the plane or the boom itself. In a more complete version, this device can include cameras that would see the receiver from a privileged situation at the time of contact. Both previous devices will emit diffused light that will be captured by the Vision Subsystem that, when processed, will obtain the relative position between both elements and from there through a Control System, the ability to make contact with little or no human intervention.
    Vision Subsystem: It is mainly composed of a set of cameras, at least two, whose function is to observe the operation scenario in which the other indicated devices exercise their fundamental role of signaling the position of their respective locations from which they will be deduced. those information that will allow us a contact between nozzle and receptacle with all the guarantees. In a preferred implementation, these cameras are prepared to see the light emitted by the emitters placed in the other devices of this invention at working distances. That will imply requirements such as a good resolution, 1080 in our case, without prejudice to other resolutions. An acquisition frequency of at least thirty frames per second and a working spectrum that includes infrared. An electrical connection will be in charge of synchronizing the lighting of the LEDs as preferred emitters of the


    Boom tip device, with the acquisition of the image frame by the image sensors of the cameras.
    The essence of the proposed System lies in the simplicity with which active issuers of
    5 light in a narrow range of the spectrum and with a wide angle of diffusion can be easily seen from a large area, at distances of tens of meters, necessary in this type of operations and in all kinds of ambient light conditions, with the use of cameras with their corresponding filter and using pulse coding techniques. In the complete System also object of this invention, the
    10 additional functionality of initial approach between receiver and tanker, using the same techniques and same type of devices: adding a Vision Subsystem in the receiving aircraft and light emitters next to the Vision Subsystem of the tanker aircraft.
    15 In the broader case of being an Approach and Location System, the System comprises three Replenishing Locating Devices, one arranged on the receiving ship, another on the tanker and another on the tip of the boom.
    Each of the Refueling Devices comprises:
    20 ‐ At least three LED light emitters, or Laser, or a combination of both, each with a wide diffusion angle diffuser to diffuse the light they emit. Each light emitter will be powered by its respective driver, and all commanded by a control electronics. ‐ At least two high speed vision cameras (> 30fps), with their
    25 respective narrow-band lenses and optical filters, tuned to the light emitted by another collaborating device. The cameras will have high-speed electronics of the type fpga or similar to determine in real time the coordinates of the points of light emitted by another Collaborating Locator Device.
    30 ‐ A light sensor with its respective lens capable of detecting the light of another Collaborating Locator Device when it is nearby. ‐ An electronic processing of the coordinates provided by both cameras to obtain the relative coordinates of each emitter with respect to one of the cameras. In addition in order to provide this
    35 information to the rest of the plane for use in helping refueling there will be a


    communication bus of all the electronic control and recognition / processing with the outside of the device. The positional contact information will also be stored in a memory for this purpose to facilitate it in future occasions.
    The electronics will perform at least the following functions: ‐ Calculation of x, and of each light emitter displayed by each camera. ‐ Calculation of X, Y, Z of each point of light displayed simultaneously by
    both cameras
    ‐ Calculation of Xp, Yp, Zp as well as Vpx, Vpy, Vpz of the relevant point rigidly attached to the above as well as a vector perpendicular to the relevant surface attached to it.
    ‐ Storage of the above information.‐Sending the previous information abroad.‐ Turning on and off the light emitters.‐Recognition by correlation of the pixels of consecutive frames of the
    sequences corresponding to the light emitters of another Collaborating Locator Device. ‐Extraction of high speed light signal data.
    The cameras of any vision subsystem can have a controllable and variable approach, they can also have Iris and / or controllable and variable zoom.
    In a possible embodiment, Boom's location means can be integrated into the boom itself.
    Also, in a possible embodiment the receptacle can be configured so that the receptacle locating means themselves are integrated into the receptacle itself.
    In the previously shown embodiments, some of the elements or parts that constitute it can be replaced by similar elements currently existing in the aircraft and to which they have been provided with the new specific functionality included in this invention by adding either new elements or new functionalities with the end


    to obtain the same ones described for the whole of the present invention, thus saving the installation in the aircraft of new devices as far as possible.
    5 Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific elements used inThe present report has the meaning that the expert usually understandsnormal in the art to which this invention pertains. In the practice of thisinvention methods and materials similar to or equivalent todescribed in memory.
    Throughout the description and the claims the words "comprises", "consists" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived in part from the description and in part
    15 of the practice of the invention.
    EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a
    A better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, is attached as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented . In Figure 1, we can see a simplified representation in a first
    25 realization of the Location System of the Boom end and the mouth of the Receptacle.
    In Figure 2, we can see a simplified representation of the Approach and Location System of the end of the Boom and the mouth of the Receptacle.
    30 An alternative embodiment of the Location System proposed in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 3.
    Figures 4A, 4B and 4C represent the three different devices or subsystems that make up this invention.


    Figure 5A represents in more detail the first of the devices of this invention shown in Figure 4A. 5 Figure 5B shows a cross section of the Receptacle Device. Figure 5C represents a cross section of that part of the receiver. Figure 5D is a Cartesian representation of the elements of Figure 5C.
    Figure 6 represents a receiving ship at the moment when the boom (15) will make contact. Figure 7 represents the image obtained from the boom when the 15 Vision Subsystem is placed in the Belly Fairing located in the belly of the tanker plane. Figure 8 shows a view of the tanker plane as well as its deployed boom. Figure 9 is a Cartesian and schematic representation of the locations of the 20 most important elements that are part of the Boom Device. Figure 10 is a Cartesian representation of the Vision Subsystem. Figure 11 shows the architecture of the Vision Subsystem.
    Figure 12 represents a box in which the elements that are part of the Boom Device are included.
    Figure 13 describes the composition of the Receptacle Device.
    Figure 14 shows a representation of the Locator Device for refueling.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.


    In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.
    Figure 1 shows a mothership or tanker (40) provided with a boom (15) that has an extendable part (13), at the end of which there are first light emitters (12), while on the receiving ship there are a few second light emitters (2), which additionally and in a complementary manner can have a reception sensor (22), on the other hand, cameras (26) are also placed on the tank.
    Figure 2 shows an embodiment corresponding to the Approach and Location System of the boom end and the receptacle mouth, which comprises locating devices (41) arranged on the tip of the boom (15), another on the receptacle and another on the tank (40), where each locator device (41) comprises
    ‐ At least three LED light emitters, or Laser
    ‐ At least two high speed vision cameras
    ‐A coordinate processing electronics
    ‐ A light sensor with its respective lens
    Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment to that proposed in Figure 1, where the means for locating the receptacle used consisting of light emitters (21), have been replaced by the use of any of the following means, which they also serve to locate the receptacle (a TOF camera (42), a laser emitter (43), and a DOE pattern (44))
    Figures 4A, 4B and 4C represent the three different elements or Subsystems that make up the Location System of the boom end and the mouth of the receptacle.
    In Figure 4A we can see an element (5) that is attached to the receiving ship just above the fuel receptacle. Named Receptacle Device, it has an inverted “U” or “V” shape and is provided with a structure (5) in which at least three lights (2) are provided that are contained on its surface. This item


    It has a connection cable (7) terminated in a connector with which it joins the control part of the plane.
    Figure 4B shows the so-called Boom Device, located at the end of the boom (20), consisting essentially of a clamping and protection ring (19) and light emitters (12) for its location.
    In Figure 4C we can see a set of two cameras (26) that placed in a suitable position of the tanker will allow the visualization and location of the other devices of this invention and that constitutes the so-called Vision Subsystem. The two cameras are joined and fixed by means of a support (28), each camera being provided with their respective lenses (25) and filtering element (24).
    Figure 5A represents in more detail the Receptacle Device in which a reception sensor (22) placed on the structure (5) can be seen and which allows to receive information in the form of light from the Boom Tip Device when the tip of the boom and receptacle have come close. In addition, the Receptacle Device has a series of light emitters (21), both elements (21) and (22) being embedded in a transparent or translucent material (23). Under the receptacle device the mouth (8) of the receptacle (9) is shown and into which the boom nozzle (9) must be inserted.
    A cross section of the receptacle device is shown in Figure 5B, where the structure (5), a transparent or translucent material (3) that protects the light emitter (2) placed on a printed circuit (4) in the that there is the rest of the electronics that accompanies it.
    Figure 5C represents a cross-sectional view of that part of the receiver, where the structure (5) of the receptacle device provided with an inclination similar to that which it would present in a cut of the receiving ship through the area of the receptacle can be seen, can also be seen the light emitters or reflectors (21) and the end
    (6) from the mouth of the receptacle, where the segment (b) represents the distance from the center of the closure to the middle of the segment that joins the two light emitters that are in the middle of the device, while ( a) the distance from the same center point of the mouth of the receptacle to the upper light (21) of the device in


    an axis orthogonal to the axis of the same receptacle. Finally � is the angle between both segments described above, (a) and (b).
    Figure 5D is a Cartesian representation of the elements and described above. The axes are referred to a local origin O "and should later refer to the origin O located in the center of the image sensor of the left chamber as shown in Figure 7. P 'is the midpoint between lights P2 and P3 and uo, vo and wo are versores (unit module vectors) in the directions of the different axes. The "P" axis is the same axis of the receptacle tube.
    Figure 6 represents a receiving ship at the moment when the boom (15) will make contact with the mouth of the receptacle (8). The view represents the image when the Vision Subsystem is located in the preferred position in this invention placed in the tail cone, it can be seen: Boom flap (14), extensible part (13) of the boom, device lights ( 12a) of the boom end of this invention placed at the top of the extensible pole for this preferred implementation. You can also see the nozzle or nozzle (11) and the ramp (10) of the receptacle on which the nozzle usually slides before contact.
    Figure 7 represents the image obtained from the boom when the Vision System is placed in the Belly Fairing located in the belly of the tanker plane. In the figure you can see the nozzle or nozzle (11), the extensible part (13) of the boom, the fin of the boom (14) and the fixed part (15) of the boom seen from the bottom of the tanker aircraft, in addition It shows the location (12b) of the lighting ring of this invention when the Vision System is placed as discussed above. Both points of view generate images of the contact and each with its own drawbacks and advantages. The device of the Boom could contain six or more light emitters and in this way allow the Vision Subsystem to be in the two indicated locations (Tail Cone and Belly Fairing) with which complementary images would be obtained that could well generate an interesting redundancy, very useful in this type of Systems.
    Figure 8 shows a view of the tanker plane as well as its deployed boom, to indicate the two positions in which the Vision Subsystem can be located.


    A first situation corresponds to its (preferred) placement in the tail cone (18a), while a second situation corresponds to its situation under the Belly Fairing (18b), the belly of the tanker. These locations correspond as already mentioned different implementations of the boom lighting ring, which can be arranged either in the rear (12a) or in the front (12b) corresponding to the locations (18a) and (18b) of the cameras. Each of the cameras according to their positioning in the tail cone (18a) or in the belly of the plane (18b) defines fields of vision (16) and (17) respectively according to the specific location.
    Figure 9 is a Cartesian and schematic representation of the locations of the most important elements that are part of the boom device that basically consists of a metal ring or similar support element, in which at least three P1 light emitters are embedded. P2 and P3, placed forming a triangle. The P ’point is the midpoint between the outermost light emitters P2 and P3. O ’is the local coordinate origin chosen. Again there must be a translation to be able to refer any point to the global origin placed in the center of the image sensor of one of the cameras; uo, vo and wo are versores (unit module vectors) in the directions of the different axes. d2 is the distance from the center of the fuel nozzle of the boom nozzle to the local origin O ’that can be determined by knowing the distance P’O’ measured in the device will have a value d1. vo is a versor in the direction of the axis of the Boom.
    Figure 10 is a Cartesian representation of the Vision Subsystem. In this drawing, both cameras can be seen as well as what they would see when pointing to a point P of space. Each camera will see the point with different local coordinates (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2) where the point will appear as point P1 and P2 respectively. The Z coordinate in each of the local representations can be calculated from the angle  / 2 corresponding to half of the FOV (Field Of View) or field of view of each camera that will depend on the optics and resolution of the same as well as the size of your sensor Once the Z1 and Z2 are found, local of the point for each camera, the Z, X and Y of the point will be obtained with respect to a predetermined reference origin. In our case the center or origin O that we have placed, without loss of generality, is in the center of the left chamber sensor, as shown in the figure. This will give us the coordinates of any point


    observed by both cameras with respect to the same coordinate axes and therefore the actual relative coordinates between them.
    Figure 11 shows the architecture of the Vision Subsystem in which the main components that make up its architecture are included. A preferably metallic aluminum outer case includes two chambers separated by a distance of about half a meter (the greater the distance, the better spatial resolution on the z axis). Each camera (26) has a sensor and an electronic adaptation and reading of the same to which a lens (25) and a filter (24) must be placed to eliminate wavelengths different from those emitted by Boom devices and of Receptacle. It includes a special electronics (32) based on FPGA in order to obtain results in real time where certain processing and image recognition and local coordinate extraction xi, yi of the points of light of the indicated devices are performed.
    The coordinate information of both cameras passes to a Processing System (33) where finally the X, Y, Z coordinates of each light emitter, is obtained with respect to a coordinate axis whose origin has been taken at the center of the sensor of the left chamber for greater ease, without prejudice to being able to choose any other.
    Figure 12 represents a box in which the elements that are part of the Boom Device are included. Essentially it is composed of light emitters (38), LEDs in this preferred implementation, at least three, powered by their respective drivers (37) which are in turn driven by a microcontroller (36) which in turn connects with the Subsystem Vision through a control bus with its respective communications electronics (34). The control bus will be synchronized with the Vision Subsystem to facilitate achieving the position of the light emitters.
    Figure 13 describes the composition of the Receptacle Device. In it, in this preferred implementation, a set of LEDs (LED1, LED 2, LED3, ... LEDn)
    (38) at least 3, are powered by their respective drivers (37) and these activated and deactivated by a microcontroller (36) that will be remotely controlled. This device can be turned on or off from the console of the receiving ship.


    Additionally, a sensor (35) will receive light through its corresponding filter (29) to after a signal adapter element (39) provide the microcontroller (36) with the information of pulses received therein and from the boom device. The device may store the information received in a non-volatile memory. The microcontroller, with a processing algorithm not only controls the lighting of the LEDs but also in addition to the information received from the light sensor (35) can extract both information on the position of the device with respect to the boom device and audio information that could be inserted into the pulse sequence emitted by the latter. Finally, a communications bus allows this device to be controlled from the receiving plane, as already mentioned.
    Figure 14 shows the structure of a Location Device (41). The device is enclosed in a box (0) and consists of a set of at least three light emitters (2) with their respective diffusers (23) powered by their corresponding drivers (37). A pair of cameras (26) with their corresponding lenses (25) and narrow band optical pass filters (24). Both cameras (26) and light emitters are controlled by a control electronics and the information of the first (26) as well as that coming from a light sensor (35) provided with its bandpass optical filter
    (29) is processed by a real-time processing unit based on FPGA or similar electronics (33, 36, 39). The cameras have their own electronics for the calculation in real time of the coordinates of the points of light coming from another Location Device. The device communicates with the outside through a communications bus (34) and is powered by an airplane power source not shown in the drawing.
    The detailed operation of the System is as follows: When the receptacle (fig.6.10) placed on the surface of the fuel receiving ship is in a position to be seen by the two-chamber subsystem (fig.4C) placed in a favorable position of the tanker (such as the tail cone (fig. 8-18a) or the belly fairing (fig. 8-18b)), then also cameras placed in the Receptacle Device and looking in reverse, can see the tanker and more specifically to its vision system. Next to this the light emitters of the tanker have been placed that will emit from that position their corresponding pattern that will be visualized by the cameras next to the Receptacle Device. That way the receiver can locate the tanker and approach him to


    placed in the refueling position. (This is one of the functionalities pursued by this invention). Before even reaching that position in the refueling position, the lights placed on the device (fig.4A.5) that go over said receptacle, or distributed in another alternative implementation, on the surface of the receiving plane, begin to flash with a cadence corresponding to a certain code. This flickering has two modes of operation or two particular functionalities, the first is a flicker at a fixed frequency that matches the frame rate of the cameras and the second is a different frequency of about 48KHz as the preferred value and that allows information to be sent Voice coded to the Boom Device which, with a suitable optical filter in front of its sensor (fig. 14-29) manages to eliminate the information light outside the device from the received signal. It is obvious that the narrower the bandpass filter is and the more coherent the light emitted from (fig. 13-38), the easier it will be to eliminate the part of the inadmissible light. The pattern sent by the light emitters allows additional help to discriminate which pixels of the images obtained by the Vision Subsystem cameras placed in the tank correspond to the lighting generated by the light sources of the receptacle device. The image processor (fig.11-32) placed behind the cameras, within the Vision Subsystem, will make a subtraction of the images of successive frames of the video to obtain the differences between one image and the next and thus be able to put more clearly manifested those points that from one table to the next have undergone variation. These differences will be correlated with the code used in the flickering of the lights to thereby further facilitate the work of detecting each of the lights placed on the device as well as to identify each of them in both cameras.
    Once the light from the emitters of the receptacle device has been received as certain coordinates in the cameras of the Vision Subsystem, the coordinates of these emitters will be calculated by means of a simple math that allows it to be included in an electronics and recalculated in image frame time in ( fig. 1313). In this way, from the coordinates of the lights, the location of the mouth of the receptacle (fig.5B-5) and the orthogonal vector will be obtained in this respect to coordinate axes referred to the tank and more specifically with respect to one of its


    cameras (This is the second important functionality that is pursued with this invention).
    At the same time, the lights placed on the boom, near the nozzle (fig.4B-12) or (fig.6-12a) or (fig.8-12b) will flash in a similar, but not identical, way those of the receptacle device and by a completely analogous procedure, their position with respect to the same Tank System of Coordinates can be determined. From that position we can determine exactly the coordinates of the end of the nozzle through which the fuel comes out as well as the orthogonal vector to the output section of it. (This is the third important functionality that this invention pursues.)
    We initially had the position of the tanker from the receiver and now we have the relative position of the mouth of the receptacle and the outlet by boom point and both referred to the same reference axes of the tanker. By means of control laws that either govern or assist in the movement of both the boom on the one hand and also of the receiving aircraft itself, a semi-automatic or even automatic guidance that improves the operation of the operation can be implemented. When the connection occurs, both sets of coordinates must coincide and it will be time to make the adjustments that are considered appropriate since in other implementations of this invention, the calculation of the position of the mouth of the receptacle may not be as obvious as the corresponding to the preferred implementation of this since the light emitters could be distributed along the surface of the receiver. This could have other advantages. At that moment of real contact, the information about the position of the lights is exactly as desired in the contact and it is very interesting to be able to store it, something that this invention carries out thanks to a communication established between the device of the receptacle of the receiving plane and the Tankman's Vision Subsystem. The receiver uses the light of its emitters as a carrier to send encoded digital information to the Vision Subsystem itself. At the same time, the Boom device can send information, not only to the Vision Subsystem, but also to the receptacle device where the light sensor placed therein will allow the communication loop between both planes to be closed. The receiving aircraft may store the situation information in the contact and other relevant auxiliary information that could be interesting for the tanker in relation to it.


    Once that position is stored, and in a future connection between the tanker and the receiver itself, the latter may indicate to the tanker what position the receptacle should be in order for the exact connection to occur. In addition to that exchange of location information that channel can be used to
    5 spoken communications thus avoiding any radio signal that could be detected more easily than an optical signal. Another important functionality of the invention is the possibility of performing a duplex voice communication between receiver and tanker. That is, between the Receptacle Device and the Boom Device. Both have two ways to turn on their
    10 respective light emitters. One to send the position and another to send and receive a signal of several tens of khz, enough to carry a voice signal. And this in both directions if both devices are equipped with the respective light sensors.
    Therefore, the stages that take place for the correct functioning of the System
    15 are: ‐ Visualization from the cameras of the Receptacle Device of the lights placed in the flashing tank generating patterns fixed at the frame rate of these cameras. ‐Determination of the position of the tanker with respect to the chambers of the
    20 Receptacle device to facilitate the approach of the receiving aircraft. ‐ Positioning of the receiving vessel with respect to the tank in a position for refueling. In this position the receiver can be seen by the tanker's cameras. ‐ Blink of the lights arranged on the Receiving Device with a
    25 determined rate that has two modes of operation, the first is a flicker at a fixed frequency, which coincides with the frame rate of the cameras with which it makes a pattern emission and the second is a different frequency of about 48KHz as a value preferred and that allows sending encoded voice information to the Boom Device.
    30 - Determination of the position of the mouth of the Receptacle with respect to the tanker:
    o Elimination in the cameras of the frame image of the light outside the device by means of the optical filters that the cameras have.
    o Subtract from the images of successive frames of the video by an image processor to obtain the differences between an image


    and the following and in this way to be able to show more clearly those points that from one table to the next have undergone variation
    o Correlation of the differences with the code or pattern used in the flashing of the lights to determine the lights that are relevant.
    o Calculation of the coordinates of these emitters by means of simple mathematics that allows it to be included in an electronics and recalculated in real time.
    - At the same time as the previous operations take place, the lights
    10 placed on the boom, close to the nozzle will blink similarly and with a treatment similar to the previous one for the Receptacle Device. With this they can also issue information not only of position but also of voice.
    ‐Determination of the position of the boom lights with respect to the same Tank Coordinator System 15. ‐Determine exactly the coordinates of the end of the nozzle with respect to the tank. ‐Determination of the relative positions between both significant points: Boom Tip and Receptacle Mouth as well as orthogonal vectors to their surfaces.
    Calibration: Determination of the relative contact position and
    storage of it
    25 At the moment of contact between the boom nozzle and the receptacle, the chamber assembly (which will preferably be placed in the lower part of the tail cone of the tanker, although it could also be placed in the lower part of its main body Belly Fairing or distributed in these and more parts of the plane), you can see the set of lights of the device object of this invention from the shortest possible distance (which
    30 is that of the moment of contact), mainly the Receptacle device that is placed on the surface of the receiving plane. Said device may have the form presented here as a preferred implementation but could also be distributed in several pieces arranged on the surface of the receiver. This device could even be replaced by a System that obtains the position of the receptacle by methods
    35 alternatives. The first task of this invention is to obtain the position of the point that


    It is located in the mouth of the receptacle together with a vector perpendicular to it. So, based on the information collected by the Vision Subsystem on the position of light emitters or alternative methods and elements, it is these six parameters that we must obtain. Therefore, at the moment of contact it is a safe moment in which we truly know the relative position between the information obtained from the Receptacle Device, in any of its implementations, and the mouth of the receptacle and its orthogonal vector. At that time the cameras can determine with maximum accuracy where the nozzle should be placed with respect to that set of lights or other elements, and from this determine with the same precision the location of the receptacle with respect to them. This information is essential and will allow the calibration of the entire System. Therefore, at that moment of contact, the information of the location in which the receptacle is has total precision and must pass from the tanker to the receiving plane that will store it to be provided to other tankers.
    Reception of location information At the time of contact, as already mentioned, there is a very favorable distance between the tip of the boom and the receptacle of the receiving plane.
    In the device object of this invention that is placed next to said receptacle there is at least one light receiving sensor that will receive the information that from the boom nozzle will be sent in the form of light in a preferred implementation. In this way the receiver can receive the information obtained in the tanker at the time of contact and store it to be sent by its active element or elements in a next contact when another tanker so requests. In addition, the same tanker can store this information for future contacts, since it is small in volume and can be kept in a small database for all those recipients with whom contact has been made. Not only can contact data be stored, but the receptacle can also transmit other fuel data to the tank, etc. to be stored in said database.
    Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from the


    indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. ‐ System for locating the end of the boom and the refueling receptacle in a refueling operation in full flight from a tanker equipped with a 5 boom (15) and a receiving vessel characterized by comprising:
    - Means for locating the position of the fuel inlet mouth that is inside the receptacle arranged in the receiving ship comprising at least one Vision Subsystem arranged
    10 over the tanker. -A Location Means of the position of the tip of the boom comprising light emitters, placed on the tip of the boom, in combination with the Vision Subsystem arranged on the tanker. -A Processing Media in which from the images
    15 obtained from the Location Means allow the exact determination of their positions and inclinations with respect to a common coordinate system.
    [2]
    2. ‐ Boom and Refueling Receptacle Location System,
    20 according to claim 1 characterized in that the Location Means of the position of the fuel inlet port consist of a series of LEDs, lasers or light emitters arranged on the receiving ship housed in the Receptacle Device in combination with cameras placed on the tanker plane,
    25 3. ‐ Boom and Refueling Receptacle Locating System, according to claim 2 characterized in that the Receptacle Device consists of a semi-hollow steel or titanium or Teflon or kevlar band that includes at least four transparent areas of material such as graphene, aluminum oxide or
    30 similar, within which vanembutidas elements that provide light.

    [4]
    4. Location System of the end of the end of the Boom and of the Refueling Receptacle, according to claim 3 characterized in that in one of the transparent areas a sensor that receives and detects light from another device is housed.
    [5]
    5. ‐ Location System of the end of the Boom and the Refueling Receptacle, according to claim 1 characterized in that the Location Means of the Receiver position consist of a TOF camera located in the tank, consisting of lighting means and a sensor that measures the time it takes the
    10 light in return once emitted, together with a processing system to recognize the position of the receptacle well to make a comparison with a 3D model of the receiver and thus also determine the position of the receptacle inlet.
    6. Location System of the end of the Boom and the Refueling Receptacle, according to claim 1 characterized in that the Location Means of the Receiver position consist of a laser emitter placed on the tank with a DOE lens or diffraction lens that generates a known pattern of structured light on the surface of the receiver and that with a System of
    20 Processing will allow to determine the correspondence between the points of the matrix and the same points in the image obtained by the cameras so that by means of basic telemetry they also obtain the distances and with these perform an image recognition or compare with a 3D model of the receiver to obtain information equivalent to that obtained by
    25 Receptacle Device
    [7]
    7. Location System of the end of the Boom and of the Refueling Receptacle, according to claim 1 characterized in that the Location Means of the boom position consist of a Boom Device comprising a box 30 that by means of a clamp or the like, is subject to the pole or extendable bar

    of the boom, said box houses light emitters of narrow wavelength range, at least three, of small size as are the LEDs and each include its diffuser where said light emitters are powered by their respective drivers that are connected to a power supply through a
    5 control electronics and the entire System is controlled remotely and to generate some light patterns.
    [8]
    8. Location System of the Boom end and refueling Receptacle, according to claim 3 and 7 characterized in that the Vision Subsystem 10 comprises at least two cameras sensitive to the wavelength emitted by the Boom and Receptacle Devices , placed on a rigid support that keeps them at a fixed distance and have an optical bandpass filter and its respective focusing lens behind the filter and the electronics for processing and extracting both the image and the information related to the coordinates
    15 (x, y) of each point of light emitted by each device of the previous ones.
    [9]
    9. Location system as described in the preceding claims, characterized in that the light emitters are the terminal ends of an optical fiber that carries the light from LEDs, lasers or emitters in general,
    20 separated from the light emitting end of the optical fiber.
    [10]
    10. Location System of the end of the Boom and the Refueling Receptacle, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the at least Vision subsystem has controllable and variable focus cameras.
    11. Location System of the end of the Boom and Refueling Receptacle, according to any of the preceding claims 1-9, characterized in that the at least Vision subsystem comprises controllable and variable Iris cameras.

    [12]
    12. ‐ Boom and Refueling Receptacle Location System, according to any of the preceding claims 1-9 5 characterized in that the at least Vision subsystem comprises controllable and variable zoom cameras.
    [13]
    13. A Boom or refueling device for the location system according to any of claims 1-12 characterized in that the
    10 Boom Location Device has been integrated into the boom itself.
    [14]
    14. A Receptacle for a receiving aircraft for the location system according to any of the preceding claims 1-12 characterized in that the Boom Location Device or
    15 refueling device has been integrated into the receptacle itself ..
    [15]
    15. ‐ Approach and Location System for the end of the Boom and the Refueling Receptacle in a full-flight refueling operation from a receiving ship to a tanker with a boom (15)
    20 characterized in that it comprises three Location Devices, one arranged on the receiving ship, another under the tank and another on the tip of the boom, where each location device comprises:
    - At least three LED light emitters, or Laser, or one
    25 combination of both, each with a diffuser. Each light emitter will be powered by its respective driver, and all commanded by a control electronics.
    - At least two high-speed vision cameras (> 30fps), with their respective narrowband lenses and optical filters, 30 tuned to the light emitted by another collaborating device.

    The cameras will have high-speed electronics of the type FPGA or similar to determine in real time the coordinates of the points of light emitted by another Collaborating Locator Device.
    5 -A light sensor with its respective lens capable of detecting the light of another Collaborating Locator Device when it is nearby.
    - An electronic processing and saving of the coordinates provided by both cameras to obtain the
    10 relative coordinates of each emitter with respect to one of the cameras. In addition, in order to provide this information to the rest of the aircraft for use in helping refueling, there will be a communication bus for all the electronics, both for control and for recognition / processing / storage of the device.
    16. 16. Approach and Location Procedure of the Boom end and refueling receptacle mouth in a refueling operation in flight from a tanker provided with a boom (15) to a receiving ship according to the system of claim 15 characterized by that
    20 comprises the stages of:
    - Visualization from the cameras of the Receptacle Device of the lights placed in the flashing tank generating fixed patterns at the frame rate of these cameras.
    25 -Determination of the position of the tanker with respect to the cameras of the Receptacle Device to facilitate the approach of the receiving aircraft.
    - Positioning of the receiving vessel with respect to the tank in a position for refueling. In this position the receiver can be seen by the tanker's cameras.

    - Flashing of the lights arranged on the Receiving Device with a certain cadence that has two modes of operation, the first is a blinking at a fixed frequency, which coincides with the frame rate of the cameras with which
    5 performs a pattern emission and the second is a frequencydifferent from about 48KHz as preferred value and that allows shippingof voice coded information to the Boom Device.
    - Determination of the position of the mouth of the Receptacle with respect to the tanker:
    10 o Elimination in the cameras of the frame image of the light outside the device by means of the optical filters that the cameras have.
    o Subtract from the images of successive frames of the video by an image processor to obtain the
    15 differences between one image and the next and in this way to be able to show more clearly those points that from one frame to the next have undergone variation
    o Correlation of differences with the code or pattern
    20 used in flashing the lights to determine the lights that are relevant.
    o Calculation of the coordinates of these emitters by means of a simple math that allows to include it in an electronics and recalculate it in real time.
    25 -At the same time as the previous operations take place, the lights placed on the boom, close to the nozzle will flash in a similar way and with a treatment similar to the previous one for the Receptacle Device. With this they can also issue information not only of position but also of voice.
    30 -Determination of the position of boom lights in relation to it

    Tankman coordinate system.
    - Determine exactly the coordinates of the end of the nozzle with respect to the tank.
    - Determination of the relative positions between both significant points: Boom Point and Receptacle Mouth as well as orthogonal vectors to their surfaces.

    Figure 3

    Figure 5A

    Figure 6
    Figure 7

    Figure 9

    Figure 10

    Figure 11

    Figure 12

    Figure 13

    Figure 14
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